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what is of the greatest value to men？ Is it not that of which the
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possession will best enable a man to advise how his own and his friend's
affairs should be administered？What will be our reply？
ERASISTRATUS： I should say； Socrates； that happiness was the
most precious of human possessions。
SOCRATES： Not a bad answer。 But do we not deem those men
who are most prosperous to be the happiest？
ERASISTRATUS： That is my opinion。
SOCRATES： And are they not most prosperous who commit the
fewest errors in respect either of themselves or of other men？
ERASISTRATUS： Certainly。
SOCRATES： And they who know what is evil and what is good；
what should be done and what should be left undone；these behave the
most wisely and make the fewest mistakes？
Erasistratus agreed to this。
SOCRATES： Then the wisest and those who do best and the most
fortunate and the richest would appear to be all one and the same； if
wisdom is really the most valuable of our possessions？
Yes； said Eryxias； interposing； but what use would it be if a man had
the wisdom of Nestor and wanted the necessaries of life； food and drink
and clothes and the like？ Where would be the advantage of wisdom then？
Or how could he be the richest of men who might even have to go begging；
because he had not wherewithal to live？
I thought that what Eryxias was saying had some weight； and I replied；
Would the wise man really suffer in this way； if he were so ill…provided；
whereas if he had the house of Polytion； and the house were full of gold
and silver； he would lack nothing？
ERYXIAS： Yes； for then he might dispose of his property and obtain
in exchange what he needed； or he might sell it for money with which he
could supply his wants and in a moment procure abundance of everything。
SOCRATES： True； if he could find some one who preferred such a
house to the wisdom of Nestor。 But if there are persons who set great
store by wisdom like Nestor's and the advantages accruing from it； to sell
these； if he were so disposed； would be easier still。 Or is a house a most
useful and necessary possession； and does it make a great difference in the
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comfort of life to have a mansion like Polytion's instead of living in a
shabby little cottage； whereas wisdom is of small use and it is of no
importance whether a man is wise or ignorant about the highest matters？
Or is wisdom despised of men and can find no buyers； although cypress
wood and marble of Pentelicus are eagerly bought by numerous
purchasers？ Surely the prudent pilot or the skilful physician； or the artist
of any kind who is proficient in his art； is more worth than the things
which are especially reckoned among riches； and he who can advise well
and prudently for himself and others is able also to sell the product of his
art； if he so desire。
Eryxias looked askance； as if he had received some unfair treatment；
and said； I believe； Socrates； that if you were forced to speak the truth； you
would declare that you were richer than Callias the son of Hipponicus。
And yet； although you claimed to be wiser about things of real importance；
you would not any the more be richer than he。
I dare say； Eryxias； I said； that you may regard these arguments of ours
as a kind of game； you think that they have no relation to facts； but are like
the pieces in the game of draughts which the player can move in such a
way that his opponents are unable to make any countermove。 （Compare
Republic。） And perhaps； too； as regards riches you are of opinion that
while facts remain the same； there are arguments； no matter whether true
or false； which enable the user of them to prove that the wisest and the
richest are one and the same； although he is in the wrong and his
opponents are in the right。 There would be nothing strange in this； it
would be as if two persons were to dispute about letters； one declaring that
the word Socrates began with an S； the other that it began with an A； and
the latter could gain the victory over the former。
Eryxias glanced at the audience； laughing and blushing at once； as if
he had had nothing to do with what had just been said； and replied；No；
indeed； Socrates； I never supposed that our arguments should be of a kind
which would never convince any one of those here present or be of
advantage to them。 For what man of sense could ever be persuaded that
the wisest and the richest are the same？ The truth is that we are
discussing the subject of riches； and my notion is that we should argue
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respecting the honest and dishonest means of acquiring them； and；
generally； whether they are a good thing or a bad。
Very good； I said； and I am obliged to you for the hint： in future we
will be more careful。 But why do not you yourself； as you introduced the
argument； and do not think that the former discussion touched the point at
issue； tell us whether you consider riches to be a good or an evil？
I am of opinion； he said； that they are a good。 He was about to add
something more； when Critias interrupted him：Do you really suppose so；
Eryxias？
Certainly； replied Eryxias； I should be mad if I did not： and I do not
fancy that you would find any one else of a contrary opinion。
And I； retorted Critias； should say that there is no one whom I could
not compel to admit that riches are bad for some men。 But surely； if they
were a good； they could not appear bad for any one？
Here I interposed and said to them： If you two were having an
argument about equitation and what was the best way of riding； supposing
that I knew the art myself； I should try to bring you to an agreement。 For
I should be ashamed if I were present and did not do what I could to
prevent your difference。