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2。 the convoking of a national convention；
3。 electors and the eligible exempted from all property
qualifications；
4。 an indemnity for displaced electors；
5。 the term of Assemblies left to the decision of the electors；＇106＇
6。 the removal and arrest of the late ministers；
7。 the re…appointment of Servan； Clavières and Roland；
8。 Danton as Minister of Justice；
9。 the recognition of the usurping Commune；
10。 Santerre confirmed in his new rank；
11。 the municipalities empowered to look after general safety；
12。 the arrest of suspicious persons confided to all well…disposed
citizens；＇107＇
13。 domiciliary visits prescribed for the discovery of arms and
ammunition；＇108＇
14。 all the justices of Paris to be re…elected by those within their
jurisdiction；
15。 all officers of the gendarmerie subject to re…election by their
soldiers；＇109＇
16。 thirty sous per diem for the Marseilles troops from the day of
their arrival；
17。 a court…martial against the Swiss；
18。 a tribunal for the dispatch of justice against the vanquished of
August 10； and a quantity of other decrees of a still more important
bearing：
19。 the suspension of the commissioners appointed to enforce the
execution of the law in civil and criminal courts；＇110＇
20。 the release of all persons accused or condemned for military
insubordination； for press offenses and pillaging of grain；＇111＇
21。 the partition of communal possessions；＇112＇
22。 the confiscation and sale of property belonging to émigrés；＇113＇
23。 the relegation of their fathers； mothers； wives and children into
the interior；
24。 the banishment or transportation of unsworn ecclesiastics；＇114＇
25。 the establishment of easy divorce at two months' notice and on
demand of one of the parties；＇115＇
in short； every measure is taken which tend to disturb property； break
up the family； persecute conscience； suspend the law； pervert justice；
and rehabilitate crime。 laws are promulgated to deliver：
* the judicial system；
* the full control of the nation；
* the selection of the members of the future omnipotent Assembly；
* in short； the entire government；
to an autocratic； violent minority； which； having risked all to grab
the dictatorship； dares all to keep it。＇116＇
VIII。
State of Paris in the Interregnum。 The mass of the population。
Subaltern Jacobins。 The Jacobin leaders。
Let us stop a moment to contemplate this great city and its new
rulers。 From afar； Paris seems a club of 700；000 fanatics；
vociferating and deliberating on the public squares； near by； it is
nothing of the sort。 The slime； on rising from the bottom； has become
the surface； and given its color to the stream； but the human stream
flows in its ordinary channel； and； under this turbid exterior；
remains about the same as it was before。 It is a city of people like
ourselves； governed； busy； and fond of amusement。 To the great
majority； even in revolutionary times； private life； too complex and
absorbing； leaves but an insignificant corner for public affairs。
Through routine and through necessity； manufacturing； display of
wares； selling； purchasing； keeping accounts； trades； and professions；
continue as usual。 The clerk goes to his office； the workman to his
shop； the artisan to his loft； the merchant to his warehouse； the
professional to his cabinet； and the official to his duty；＇117＇ they
are devoted； first of all； to their pursuits； to their daily bread； to
the discharge of their obligations； to their own advancement； to their
families； and to their pleasures； to provide for these things the day
is not too long。 Politics only briefly distract them； and then rather
out of curiosity； like a play one applauds or hisses in his seat
without stepping upon the stage。 〃The declaration that the country
is in danger；〃 says many eye witnesses；＇118＇ 〃has made no change in
the physiognomy of Paris。 There are the same amusements； the same
gossip。 。 。 。 The theaters are full as usual。 The wine…shops and
places of diversion overflow with the people； National Guards； and
soldiers。 。 。 。 The fashionable world enjoys its pleasure…parties；〃 …
〃The day after the decree； the effect of the ceremony； so skillfully
managed； is very slight。 〃The National Guard in the procession； writes
a patriotic journalist；＇119＇ 〃first shows indifference and even
boredom〃； it is exasperated with night watches and patrol duty； they
probably tell each others that in parading for the nation； one finds
no time to work for one's self。 A few days after this the manifesto
of the Duke of Brunswick 〃produces no sensation whatever。 People laugh
at it。 Only the newspapers and their readers are familiar with it。 。 。
。 The mass know nothing about it。 Nobody fears the coalition nor
foreign troops。〃＇120＇ On the 10th of August； outside the theater of
the combat； all is quiet in Paris。 People walk about and chat in the
streets as usual。〃＇121＇ On the 19th of August； Moore； the
Englishman；＇122＇ sees； with astonishment； the heedless crowd filling
the Champs Elysées； the various diversions； the air of a fête； the
countless small shops in which refreshments are sold accompanied with
songs and music； and the quantities of pantomimes and marionettes。
〃Are these people as happy as they seem to be？〃 he asks of a Frenchman
along with him。 〃They are as jolly as gods！〃 〃Do you think the
Duke of Brunswick is ever in their heads？〃 〃Monsieur； you may be
sure of this； that the Duke of Brunswick is the last man they think
of。〃
Such is the unconcern or light…heartedness of the gross； egoistic
mass； otherwise busy； and always passive under any government whatever
it may be； a veritable flock of sheep； allowing government to do as it
pleases； provided it does not hinder it from browsing and capering as
it chooses。 As to the men of sensibility who love their country；
they are still less troublesome； for they are gone or going （to the
army）； often at the rate of a thousand and even two thousand a day；
ten thousand in the last week of July；＇123＇ fifteen thousand in the
first two weeks of September；＇124＇ in all perhaps 40；000 volunteers
furnished by the capital alone and who； with their fellows
proportionate in number supplied by the departments； are to be the
salvation of France。 Through this departure of the worthy； and this
passivity of the flock； Paris belongs to the fanatics among the
population。 〃These are the sans…culottes；〃 wrote the patriotic Palloy；
〃the scum and riffraff of Paris； and I glory in belonging to that
class which has put down the so…called honest folks。〃＇125＇ 〃Three
thousand workmen；〃 says the Girondist Soulavie； later； 〃made the
Revolution of the 10th of August； against the kingdom of the
Feuillants； the majority of the capital and against the Legislative
Assembly。〃＇126＇ Work