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their survivors；
〃many of them believed that the French alone were reasonable beings。
。 。 In our eyes the people in the rest of Europe； who were fighting to
keep their chains； were only pitiable imbeciles or knaves sold to the
despots who were attacking us。 Pitt and Cobourg seemed to us the
chiefs of these knaves and the personification of all the treachery
and stupidity in the world。 。 。 In 1794 our inmost； serious sentiment
was wholly contained in this idea： to be useful to our country； all
other things； our clothes； our food； advancement； were poor ephemeral
details。 As society did not exist； there was no such thing for us as
social success； that leading element in the character of our nation。
Our only gatherings were national festivals； moving ceremonies which
nourished in us the love of our country。 In the streets our eyes
filled with tears when we saw an inscription in honor of the young
drummer； Barra。 。 。 This sentiment was the only religion we
had。〃＇190＇
But it was a religion。 When the heart of a nation is so high it will
deliver itself； in spite of its rulers； whatever their excesses may
be； whatever their crimes； for the nation atones for their follies by
its courage； it hides their crimes beneath its great achievements。
_______________________________________________________________________
Notes：
＇1＇ 〃Archives Nationales；〃 AF II； 45； May 6； 1793 （in English）。
＇2＇ Moore； II。 185 （October 20）。 〃It is evident that all the
departments of France are in theory allowed to have an equal share in
the government； yet in fact the single department of Paris has the
whole power of the government。〃 Through the pressure of the mob Paris
makes the law for the Convention and for all France。 … Ibid。； II。 534
（during the king's trial）。 〃All the departments of France； including
that of Paris； are in reality often obliged to submit to the clamorous
tyranny of a set of hired ruffians in the tribunes who usurp the name
and functions of the sovereign people； and； secretly direct by a few
demagogues； govern this unhappy nation。〃 Cf。 Ibid。； II。 （Nov。 13）。
＇3＇ Schmidt； I。 96。 Letter of Lauchou to the president of the
Convention； Oct。 11； 1792： 〃The section of 1792 on its own authority
decreed on the 5th of this month that all persons in a menial service
could be allowed to vote in our primary assemblies 。 。 。 It would be
well for the National Convention to convince the inhabitants of Paris
that they alone do not constitute the entire republic。 However absurd
this idea may be； it is gaining ground every day。〃 … Ibid。； Letter of
Damour； vice…president of the Pantheon section； Oct。 29： 〃The citizen
Paris 。 。 。 has said that when the law is in conflict with general
opinion no attention must be paid to it。 。 。 These disturbers of the
public peace who desire to monopolize all places； either in the
municipality or elsewhere； are themselves the cause of the greatest
tumult。〃
＇4＇ Schmidt； I。 223 （report by Dutard； May 14）。
＇5＇ Mortimer…Ternaux； VI。 117； VII。 59 （balloting of Dec。 2 and 4）。 In
most of these and the following elections the number of voters is but
one…twentieth of those registered。 Chaumette is elected in his section
by 53 votes； Hébert by 56； Gency； a master…cooper； by 34； Lechenard； a
tailor； by 39； Douce； a building…hand； by 24。 Pache is elected
mayor Feb。 15； 1793； by 11；881 votes； out of 160；000 registered。
＇6＇ Buchez et Roux； XVII。 101。 （Decree of Aug。 19； 1792）。 … Mortimer…
Ternaux； IV。 223。 … Beaulieu； 〃Essais；〃 III。 454。 〃The National Guard
ceased to exist after the 10th of August。〃 Buzot； 454。 Schmidt；
I。 533 （Dutard； May 29）。 〃It is certain that the armed forces of Paris
is nonexistent。〃
＇7＇ Beaulieu； Ibid。； IV。 6。 〃Archives Nationales；〃 F7； 3249
（Oise）。 Letters of the Oise administrators； Aug。 24； Sept。 12 and
20； 1792。 Letters of the administrators of the district of Clermont；
Sept。 14； etc。
＇8＇ Cf。 above； ch。 IX。…〃Archives Nationales；〃 F7； 3249。 Letter of the
administrators of the district of Senlis； Oct。 31； 1792。 Two of the
administrators of the Senlis hospital were arrested by Paris
commissaries and conducted 〃before the pretended Committee of Public
Safety in Paris； with all that they possessed in money； jewels； and
assignats。〃 The same commissaries carry off two of the hospital
sisters of charity； with all the silver plate in the establishment；
the sisters are released； but the plate is not returned。 Buchez et
Roux； XXVI。 209 （Patriote Fran？ais）。 Session of April 30； 1793； the
final report of the commission appointed to examine the accounts of
the old Committee of Supervision： 〃 Panis and Sergent are convicted of
breaking seals。〃 。 。 。 〃67；580 francs found in Septenil's domicile
have disappeared； as well as many articles of value。〃
＇9＇ Schmidt； I； 270。
＇10＇ Mortimer…Ternaux； IV。 221 to 229； 242 to 260； VI。 43 to 52。
＇11＇ De Sybel； 〃Histoire de l'Europe pendant la Révolution Fran？aise；〃
II 76。 Madame Roland； II。152。 〃It was not only impossible to make
out the accounts； but to imagine where 130；000；000 had gone。 。 。 The
day he was dismissed he made sixty appointments； 。 。 。 from his son…
in…law； who； a vicar； was made a director at 19；000 francs salary； to
his hair…dresser； a young scapegrace of nineteen； whom he makes a
commissary of war〃 。 。 〃It was proved that he paid in full regiments
that were actually reduced to a few men。 Meillan； 20。 〃The faction
became the master of Paris through hired brigands； aided by the
millions placed at its disposition by the municipality； under the
pretext of ensuring supplies。〃
＇12＇ See in the 〃Memoirs of Mme。 Elliot；〃 the particulars of this
vote。 Beaulieu； I。445。 〃I saw a placard signed by Marat posted on
the corners of the streets； stating that he had demanded 15；000 francs
of the Duke of Orleans as compensation for what he had done for him。
Gouverneur Morris； I。 260 （Letter of Dec。 21； 1792）。 The galleries
force the Convention to revoke its decree against the expulsion of the
Bourbons。 On the 22nd of December the sections present a petition
in the same sense； while there is a sort of riot in the suburbs in
favor of Philippe…Egalité。
＇13＇ Schmidt； I。 246 （Dutard； May 13）。 〃The Convention cannot count in
all Paris thirty persons ready to side with them。
＇14＇ Buchez et Roux； XXV。 463。 On the call of the houses； April 13；
1793； ninety…two deputies vote for Marat。
＇15＇ Prudhomme； 〃Crimes de la Révolution；〃 V。 133。 Conversation with
Danton； December； 1792。 De Barante； III。123。 The same conversation；
probably after another verbal tradition。 I am obliged to substitute
less coarse terms for those of the quotation。
＇16＇ He is the first speaker on the part of the 〃Mountain〃 in the
king's trial； and at once becomes president of the Jacobin Club。 His
speech against Louis XVI。 is significant。 〃 〃Louis is another
Catiline。〃 He should be executed； first as traitor