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because it prefers shallow water； and often lives high up among
rocks which are only covered by the sea at very high tide； so that
the creature can； if it will； spend but a short portion of its time
immersed。 When uncovered by the tide； it gathers up its leathery
tunic； and presents the appearance of fig。 1 A。 When under water
it may often be seen expanding its flower…like disk and moving its
feelers in search of food。 These feelers have a certain power of
adhesion； and any not too vigorous animals which they touch are
easily drawn towards the centre and swallowed。 Around the margin
of the tunic are seen peeping out between the tentacles certain
bright blue globules looking very like eyes； but whose purpose is
not exactly ascertained。 Fig。 1 represents the disk only partially
expanded。
BUNODES CRASSICORNIS。 PL。 VI。 FIG。 2。
This genus of Actinioid zoophytes is distinguished from Actinia
proper by the tubercles or warts which stud the outer covering of
the animal。 In B。 gemmacea these warts are arranged symmetrically；
so as to give a peculiarly jewelled appearance to the body。 Being
of a large size； the tentacles of B。 crassicornis exhibit in great
perfection the adhesive powers produced by the nettling threads
which proceed from them。
CARYOPHYLLAEA SMITHII。 PL。 VI。 FIG。 3。
This figure is to show a whiter variety； with the flesh and
tentacles fully expanded
PLATE VIII。
MOLLUSCA。
NASSA RETICULATA。 PL。 VIII。 fig。 2； A； B； C； D； E； F
A VERY active Mollusc； given here chiefly on account of the
opportunity afforded by the birth of young fry in Mr。 Lloyd's
tanks。 The NASSA feeds on small animalcules； for which； in
aquaria； it may be seen routing among the sand and stones；
sometimes burying itself among them so as only to show its caudal
tube moving along between them。 A pair of Nassae in Mr。 Lloyd's
collection； deposited； on the 5th of April； about fifty capsules or
bags of eggs upon the stems of weeds （fig。 2 B）； each capsule
contained about a hundred eggs。 The capsules opened on the 16th of
May； permitting the escape of rotiferous fry （fig。 2； C； D； E）； not
in the slightest degree resembling the parent； but presenting
minute nautilus…shaped transparent shells。 These shells rather
hang on than cover the bodies； which have a pair of lobes； around
which vibrate minute cilia in such a manner as to give them an
appearance of rotatory motion。 Under a lens they may be seen
moving about very actively in various positions； but always with
the look of being moved by rapidly turning wheels。 We should have
been glad to witness the next step towards assuming their ultimate
form； but were disappointed； as the embryos died。 Fig。 2 F is the
tongue of a Nassa； from a photograph by Dr。 Kingsley。
Footnotes：
（1） SERTULARIA OPERCULATA and GEMELLARIA LOCICULATA； or any of the
small SERTULARIAE； compared with CRISIAE and CELLULARIAE； are very
good examples。 For a fuller description of these； see Appendix
explaining Plate I。
（2） If any inland reader wishes to see the action of this foot； in
the bivalve Molluscs； let him look at the Common Pond…Mussel
（Anodon Cygneus）； which he will find in most stagnant waters； and
see how he burrows with it in the mud； and how； when the water is
drawn off； he walks solemnly into deeper water； leaving a furrow
behind him。
（3） These shells are so common that I have not cared to figure
them。
（4） Plate IX。 Fig。 3； represents both parasites on the dead
Turritella。
（5） A few words on him； and on sea…anemones in general； may be
found in Appendix II。 But full details； accompanied with beautiful
plates； may be found in Mr。 Gosse's work on British sea…anemones
and madrepores； which ought to be in every seaside library。
（6） Handbook to the Marine Aquarium of the Crystal Palace。
（7） An admirable paper on this extraordinary family may be found in
the Zoological Society's Proceedings for July 1858； by Messrs。 S。
P。 Woodward and the late lamented Lucas Barrett。 See also
Quatrefages； I。 82； or Synapta Duvernaei。
（8） Thalassema Neptuni （Forbes' British Star…Fishes； p。 259）；
（9） The Londoner may see specimens of them at the Zoological
Gardens and at the Crystal Palace； as also of the rare and
beautiful Sabella； figured in the same plate； and of the
Balanophyllia； or a closely…allied species； from the Mediterranean；
mentioned in p。 109。
（10） A Naturalist's Rambles on the Devonshire Coast； p。 110。
（11） Balanophyllia regia； Plate V。 fig。 1。
（12） Amphidotus cordatus。
（13） Echinus miliaris； Plate VII。
（14） See Professor Sedgwick's last edition of the 〃Discourses on
the Studies of Cambridge。〃
（15） Fissurella graeca； Plate X。 fig。 5。
（16） Doris tuberculata and bilineata。
（17） Eolis papi losa。 A Doris and an Eolis； though not of these
species； are figured in Plate X。
（18） Plate III。
（19） Certain Parisian zoologists have done me the honour to hint
that this description was a play of fancy。 I can only answer； that
I saw it with my own eyes in my own aquarium。 I am not； I hope； in
the habit of drawing on my fancy in the presence of infinitely more
marvellous Nature。 Truth is quite strange enough to be interesting
without lies。
（20） Saxicava rugosa； Plate XI。 fig。 2。
（21） Plate VIII。 represents the common Nassa； with the still more
common Littorina littorea； their teeth…studded palates； and the
free swimming young of the Nassa。 （VIDE Appendix。）
（22） Cyproea Europoea。
（23） Botrylli。
（24） Molluscs。
Doris tuberculata。
… bilineata。
Eolis papillosa。
Pleurobranchus plumila。
Neritina。
Cypraea。
Trochus； … 2 species。
Mangelia。
Triton。
Trophon。
Nassa； … 2 species。
Cerithium。
Sigaretus。
Fissurella。
Arca lactea。
Pecten pusio。
Tapes pullastra。
Kellia suborbicularis。
Shaenia Binghami。
Saxicava rugosa。
Gastrochoena pholadia。
Pholas parva。
Anomiae； …2 or 3 species
Cynthia；…2 species。
Botryllus； do。
ANNELIDS。
Phyllodoce； and other Nereid worms。
Polynoe squamata。
CRUSTACEA。
4 or 5 species。
ECHINODERMS。
Echinus miliaris。
Asterias gibbosa。
Ophiocoma neglecla。
Cucumaria Hyndmanni。
… communis。
POLYPES。
Sertularia pumila。
… rugosa。
… fallax。
… filicula。
Plumularia falcata。
… setacea。
Laomedea geniculata。
Campanularia volubilis。
Actinia mesembryanthemum。
Actinia clavata。
… anguicoma。
… crassicornis。
Tubulipora patina。
… hispida。
… serpens。
Crisia eburnea。
Cellepora pumicosa。
Lepraliae；… many species。
Membranipora pilosa。
Cellularia ciliata。
… scruposa。
… reptans。
Flustra membranacea； &c。
（25） Plate XI。 fig。 1。
（26） Plate X。 fig。 1。
（27） There are very fine specimens in the Crystal Palac