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began to write steadily。 Up to this time he had given abundant
promise； but had produced nothing； nor indeed did he come before the
public for another three or four years yet。
He lived as I have said very quietly； seeing hardly anyone but
myself； and the three or four old friends with whom I had been
intimate for years。 Ernest and we formed our little set； and
outside of this my godson was hardly known at all。
His main expense was travelling； which he indulged in at frequent
intervals； but for short times only。 Do what he would he could not
get through more than about fifteen hundred a year； the rest of his
income he gave away if he happened to find a case where he thought
money would be well bestowed； or put by until some opportunity arose
of getting rid of it with advantage。
I knew he was writing； but we had had so many little differences of
opinion upon this head that by a tacit understanding the subject was
seldom referred to between us； and I did not know that he was
actually publishing till one day he brought me a book and told me
flat it was his own。 I opened it and found it to he a series of
semi…theological； semi…social essays； purporting to have been
written by six or seven different people； and viewing the same class
of subjects from different standpoints。
People had not yet forgotten the famous 〃Essays and Reviews；〃 and
Ernest had wickedly given a few touches to at least two of the
essays which suggested vaguely that they had been written by a
bishop。 The essays were all of them in support of the Church of
England； and appeared both by internal suggestion； and their prima
facie purport to be the work of some half…dozen men of experience
and high position who had determined to face the difficult questions
of the day no less boldly from within the bosom of the Church than
the Church's enemies had faced them from without her pale。
There was an essay on the external evidences of the Resurrection；
another on the marriage laws of the most eminent nations of the
world in times past and present； another was devoted to a
consideration of the many questions which must be reopened and
reconsidered on their merits if the teaching of the Church of
England were to cease to carry moral authority with it； another
dealt with the more purely social subject of middle class
destitution； another with the authenticity or rather the
unauthenticity of the fourth gospelanother was headed 〃Irrational
Rationalism；〃 and there were two or three more。
They were all written vigorously and fearlessly as though by people
used to authority； all granted that the Church professed to enjoin
belief in much which no one could accept who had been accustomed to
weigh evidence； but it was contended that so much valuable truth had
got so closely mixed up with these mistakes； that the mistakes had
better not be meddled with。 To lay great stress on these was like
cavilling at the Queen's right to reign； on the ground that William
the Conqueror was illegitimate。
One article maintained that though it would be inconvenient to
change the words of our prayer book and articles； it would not be
inconvenient to change in a quiet way the meanings which we put upon
those words。 This； it was argued； was what was actually done in the
case of law； this had been the law's mode of growth and adaptation；
and had in all ages been found a righteous and convenient method of
effecting change。 It was suggested that the Church should adopt it。
In another essay it was boldly denied that the Church rested upon
reason。 It was proved incontestably that its ultimate foundation
was and ought to be faith； there being indeed no other ultimate
foundation than this for any of man's beliefs。 If so； the writer
claimed that the Church could not be upset by reason。 It was
founded； like everything else； on initial assumptions； that is to
say on faith； and if it was to be upset it was to be upset by faith；
by the faith of those who in their lives appeared more graceful；
more lovable； better bred； in fact； and better able to overcome
difficulties。 Any sect which showed its superiority in these
respects might carry all before it； but none other would make much
headway for long together。 Christianity was true in so far as it
had fostered beauty； and it had fostered much beauty。 It was false
in so far as it fostered ugliness； and it had fostered much
ugliness。 It was therefore not a little true and not a little
false； on the whole one might go farther and fare worse； the wisest
course would be to live with it； and make the best and not the worst
of it。 The writer urged that we become persecutors as a matter of
course as soon as we begin to feel very strongly upon any subject；
we ought not therefore to do this； we ought not to feel very
stronglyeven upon that institution which was dearer to the writer
than any otherthe Church of England。 We should be churchmen； but
somewhat lukewarm churchmen； inasmuch as those who care very much
about either religion or irreligion are seldom observed to be very
well bred or agreeable people。 The Church herself should approach
as nearly to that of Laodicea as was compatible with her continuing
to be a Church at all； and each individual member should only be hot
in striving to be as lukewarm as possible。
The book rang with the courage alike of conviction and of an entire
absence of conviction； it appeared to be the work of men who had a
rule…of…thumb way of steering between iconoclasm on the one hand and
credulity on the other； who cut Gordian knots as a matter of course
when it suited their convenience； who shrank from no conclusion in
theory； nor from any want of logic in practice so long as they were
illogical of malice prepense； and for what they held to be
sufficient reason。 The conclusions were conservative； quietistic；
comforting。 The arguments by which they were reached were taken
from the most advanced writers of the day。 All that these people
contended for was granted them； but the fruits of victory were for
the most part handed over to those already in possession。
Perhaps the passage which attracted most attention in the book was
one from the essay on the various marriage systems of the world。 It
ran：…
〃If people require us to construct；〃 exclaimed the writer； 〃we set
good breeding as the corner…stone of our edifice。 We would have it
ever present consciously or unconsciously in the minds of all as the
central faith in which they should live and move and have their
being； as the touchstone of all things whereby they may be known as
good or evil according as they make for good breeding or against
it。〃
〃That a man should have been bred well and breed others well； that
his figure； head； hands； feet； voice； manner and clothes should
carry conviction upon this point； so that no one can look at him
without seeing that he has come of good stock and is likely to throw
good stock himself； this is the desiderandum。 And the same with a
woman。 The greatest number of these well…bred men and women； and
the greatest happiness of these well…bred men and women； this is the
highest good； towards this all government； all so