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manded the Highlanders who stood out for King James。 Mackay was within four hours march of Inverness before Buchan； who was then at that place 〃waiting for the Earl of Seaforth's and the other Highlanders whom he expected to join him in attacking the town；〃 knew of his approach。 Hearing of the proximity of the enemy； Buchan at once retreated； crossed the River Ness； and retired along the north side of the Beauly Firth； eastward through the Black Isle。 In this emergency； Seaforth； fearing the personal consequences of the part be had acted throughout； sent two of his friends to General Mackay； offering terms of submission and whatever securities might be required for his future good behaviour； informing him at the same time that； although he had been forced to appear on the side of James； he never entertained any design of molesting the Government forces or of joining Buchan in his attack on the town of Inverness。 Mackay replied that he could accept no security other than the surrender of his Lordship's person； at the same time conjuring him to comply； as he valued his own safety and the preservation of his family and people； and assuring him that in the case of surrender he should be detained in civil custody in Inverness； and treated with the respect due to his rank； until the will of the Government should become known。 Next day the Earl's mother； the Countess Dowager of Seaforth； and Sir Alexander Mackenzie of Coul proceeded to Inverness； to plead with Mackay for a mitigation of the terms proposed； but finding him inflexible； they told him that Seaforth would accede to any conditions agreed to by them in his behalf。 It was thereupon stipulated that he should deliver himself up at once and be kept a prisoner in Inverness until the Privy Council decided as to his ultimate disposal。 With the view of concealing his voluntary submission from his own clan and his other Jacobite friends； it was agreed that the Earl should allow himself to be siezed at one of his seats by a party of horse under Major Mackay； as if he were taken by surprise。 He； however； disappointed those sent to take him； in excuse of which； his mother and he； in letters to General Mackay； pleaded the delicate state of his health； which； it was urged； would suffer from imprisonment； and indeed few can blame him for any unwillingness to place himself absolutely at the disposal of such a body as the Privy Council of Scotland then wasmany of whom would not hesitate in the slightest to sacrifice him； if by so doing they could only see any chance of obtaining a share； however small； of his extensive estates。 General Mackay became so irritated at the deception thus practised upon him that he resolved to treat Seaforth's vassals 〃with all the rigour of military execution；〃 and he sent his Lordship a message that if he did not surrender forthwith according to his promise； he should at once carry out his instructions from the Privy Council by entering his country with fire and sword； and seizing all the property belonging to himself or to his clan as lawful prize； and； lest the Earl should have any doubt as to his intention of executing this terrible treat； he immediately ordered three Dutch regiments from Aberdeen to Inverness； and decided on leading a competent body of horse and foot in person from the garrison at the latter place； to take possession of Brahan Castle。 The General； at the same time wrote instructing the Earl of Sutherland； Lord Reay； and Ross of Balnagown； to send a thousand of their men； under Major Wishart an experienced officer acquainted with the country； to take up their quarters in the more remote districts of the Seaforth estates； should that extreme step； as he much feared； become necessary。 Having； however； a friendly disposition towards the followers of Seaforth； on account of their being 〃all Protestants and none of the most dangerous enemies；〃 and being more anxious to get hold of his Lordship's person than to ruin his friends； he caused information of his intentions to be sent to Seaforth's camp by some of his own party； as if from a feeling of friendship for him the result being that； contrary to Mackay's expectations； Seaforth surrenderedthus relieving him from a most disagreeable duty； ＇Though the General 〃was not immediately connected with the Seaforth family himself； some of his near relatives were； both by the ties of kindred and of ancient friendship。 For these； and other reasons it may be conceived what joy and thankfulness to Providence he felt for the result of ibis affair； which at once relieved him from a distressing dilemma； and promised to put a speedy period to his labours in Scotland。〃Mackay's Life of General Mackay。＇and he was at once committed a prisoner to the Castle of Inverness。
Writing to the Privy Council about the disaffected chiefs at the time； General Mackay says〃I believe it shall fare so with the Earl of Seaforth； that is； that he shall haply submit when his country is ruined and spoyled； which is the character of a true Scotsman； wyse behinde the hand。〃 ＇Letters to the Privy Council； dated 1st September； 1690。＇ By warrant； dated 7th October； 1690； the Privy Council directs Mackay 〃to transport the person of Kenneth； Earl of Seaforth； with safety from Inverness to Edinburgh； in such way and manner as he should think fit。〃
This done； he was on the 6th November following confined within the Castle of Edinburgh； but； little more than a year afterwards； he was liberated； on the 7th January； 1692； having found caution to appear when called upon； and on condition that he should not go ten miles beyond the walls of Edinburgh。 He appears not to have implemented these conditions for any length of time； for shortly after he is again in prison almost immediately makes his escape is apprehended on the 7th of May； the same year； at Pencaitland and again kept confined in the Castle of Inverness； from which he is ultimately and finally liberated on giving sufficient security for his peaceable behaviour； ＇Records of the Privy Council； and Mackay's Memoirs。＇ the following being the order for his release：
〃William R。； Right trusty and right…well…beloved Councillors； &c。； we greet you well。 Whereas we are informed that Kenneth； Earl of Seaforth； did surrender himself prisoner to the commander of our garrison at Inverness； and has thrown himself on our Royal mercy； it is our will and pleasure； and we hereby authorise and require you to set the said Earl of Seaforth at liberty； upon his finding bail and security to live peaceably under our Government and to compear before you when called。 And that you order our Advocate not to insist in the process of treason waged against him until our further pleasure be known therein。 For doing whereof this shall be your warrant； so we bid you heartily farewell。
Given at our Court at Kensington； the first day of March； 1696…7； and of our reign the eighth year。 By his Majesty's command。
（Signed） 〃TULLIBARDINE。〃
During the remaining years of his life； Seaforth appears to have lived mainly in France。 Apart from his necessary absence from his own country during the long…continued period of politi