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in the year of God 1477。 So I do think that the lairds of Balnagowan； perceiving the Earls of Ross decayed； and that earldom； fallen into the Lords of the Isles' hands； they called themselves Ross thereby to testify their descent from the Earls of Ross。 Besides； all the Rosses in that province are Unto this day called in the Irish （Gaelic） language Clan Leandries； which race by their own tradition is sprung from another stock。〃
In the same work； p。 46； we find that the Earls of Ross were called O'Beolans as late as 1333； for Sir Robert informs us； writing of the battle of Halidon Hill； that 〃in this field was Hugh Beolan； Earl of Ross； slain。〃 It is established to the satisfaction of all reasonable men that the Applecross and O'Beolan Earls of Ross were one and the same； and that they were descended from Gilleoin na h' Airde； corrupted in the Norse Sagas into 〃Beolan；〃 the general designation by which they were known； until Earl William； the last of his line； died without surviving male issue on the 9th of February； 1372； when the title devolved upon his daughter； Euphemia； Countess of Ross in her own right； whose daughter； Mary； or Margaret； by Sir Walter Leslie； carried the earldom to Donald of Harlaw； second Lord of the Isles。 That the O'Beolan Earls of Ross； of whom Ferquhard Mac an t'Sagairt was the first； descended from the same ancestor； Gilleoin na h' Airde； as the older 〃Gillandres〃 earl of 1160； is equally certain。 Earl Gillandres was probably forfeited for the part he took against Malcolm IV。 on that occasion； and Ferquhard having rendered such important services to Alexander II。 was restored probably quite as much in virtue of his ancient rights as the grandson of Ferquhard as on account of his valiant conduct in support of the crown in Moray； in Argyle； and in Galloway； in 1215； 1222； and 1235。
The surname Ross has in early times been invariably rendered in Gaelic as Gilleanrias； or Gillanders； and the Rosses appear under this appellation in all the early Acts of Parliament。 There is also an unvarying tradition that on the death of the last Earl of the O'Beolan line a certain Paul Mac Tire was for some years head of the Rosses； and this tradition is corroborated by the fact that there is a charter on record by Earl William of the lands of Gairloch in 1366 in favour of Paul Mac Tire and his heirs by Mary Graham； in which the Earl styles Mac Tire his cousin。 This grant was confirmed by King Robert II。 in 1372。 In the manuscript of 1467 the genealogy of Clann Gille…Anrias； or the descendants of Gillean…Ard…Rois； begins with a Paul Mac Tire。 The clan whose genealogy is there given is undoubtedly that of the Rosses； and in the manuscript they are traced upwards from Paul MacTire in a direct line to Gilleon na h'Airde； the 〃Beolan〃 of the Norse Sagas； who lived in the tenth century； and who will be shown to be also the remote progenitor of the Mackenzies。 The Aird referred to is said to be the Aird of Ross。
In the manuscript of 1467 the name Gille…Anrias appears in the genealogies of both the Mackenzies and the Rosses exactly contemporaneous with the generation which preceded the original grant to 〃Ferchair Mac an t'Sagairt〃 of the Earldom of Ross。 The name GilleAnrias has been rendered as the Gaelic equivalent for Servant of Andrew； or St。 Andrew； and that； according to Skene； would seem to indicate that the first of that name； if not a priest himself； must have belonged to the priestly house of Appercrossan or Applecross； of which Earl Farquhar ultimately became the head。 The dates exactly correspond； and when； in addition to this； it is remembered that of the earls who besieged Malcolm IV。 at Perth in 1160 one was named 〃Gillandres〃 it seems fully established that Ferchard Mac an t'Sagairt was descended from the original earls and that he was entitled to the earldom by ancient right on the failure or forfeiture of the direct representative of the old line； as well as by a new creation。 Although there may have been one or two usurpersa common event in those turbulent timesFerquhard was undoubtedly a near relative and the legitimate successor of the Celtic 〃Gillandres〃 earl of 1160。 He is described in the Chronicle of Melrose as 〃Comes Rossensis Machentagard；〃 and in Dalrymple's Annals of Scotland as 〃Mc Kentagar；〃 a designation which the author describes in a footnote as 〃an unintelligible word；〃 though its meaning is perfectly plain to every Gaelic…speaking Celt。
Ferquhard founded the Abbey of Fearn； in Easter Ross； about 1230； and died there in 1251。 Referring to his position during the first half of the thirteenth century even the Earl of Cromartie is forced to admit in his MS。； a copy of which we possess； that 〃it cannot be disputed that the Earl of Ross was the Lord paramount under Alexander II。； by whom Farquhard Mac an t'Sagairt was recognised in the hereditary dignity of his predecessors； and who； by another tradition； was a real progenitor of the noble family of Kintail。〃 And this was said and written by an author； who； in another part of the same manuscript； stoutly maintains that the king granted these identical lands to Colin Fitzgerald by a charter which； if it was ever signed at all； must have been signed a full generation before the date which the forged document bearsthirty years after the witnesses whose names attest it had gone to their last home。
THE O'BEOLAN EARLS OF ROSS。
It must now be most interesting to every member of the Clan Mackenzie to know who these O'Beolan Earls of Ross were and all that can be ascertained regarding themselves and their family alliances。 Leaving out Earl Gillanders； of whom so little is known； let us begin with I。 FERQUHARD； OR FARQUHAR O'BEOLAN； 〃Mac an t'Sagairt；〃 who； as already stated； founded the Abbey of Fearn； and died there in 1251。 By his wife； whose name has not come down to us； he had issue； at least；
1。 William； his heir and successor。
2。 Malcolm； of whose life nothing is known。
3。 Euphemia； who married Walter de Moravia； Lord of Duffus from 1224 to 1262。
4。 Christina； who married Olave the Red； King of Man； with issue。 Farquhar was succeeded by his eldest son；
II。 WILLIAM O'BEOLAN； EARL OF ROSS。 He obtained Skye and Lewis from Alexander III。 and died at Earles Allane in 1274。 He married Joan daughter of the first Red Comyn； who died in 1273； and sister of John； the Black Comyn； Lord of Badenoch and Earl of Buchan； who married Marjory； sister of King John Baliol； with issuethe Red Comyn； who was killed by Robert the Bruce in the Church of Dumfries in 1306。 Another sister of the Countess of Ross was married to John Macdougall； Lord of Lorn； on record 1251； usually styled 〃 King Eoin or Ewin。〃 By his wife Earl William had issue
1。 William； his heir and successor。
2。 Dorothea； who married her cousin； Torquil Macleod II。 of Lewis； with issue。
He was succeeded by his only son； III。 WILLIAM O'BEOLAN； EARL OF ROSS； who fought alternately with Edward I。 and Robert the Bruce； and was imprisoned in London 1296…97。 In 1306 he delivered up to the English King； Robert Bruce's Queen； Isabella； his daugh