north america-1-第27章

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h　a　term　in　a　sense　of　reproach　to　those　who　earn　their　bread　by　the　labor　of　their　hands。　　But　it　is　hard　to　find　terms　which　will　be　understood；　and　that　term；　whether　it　give　offense　or　no；　will　be　understood。　　Of　course　such　a　complaint　as　that　I　now　make　is　very　common　as　made　against　the　States。　　（Men　in　the　States；　with　horned　hands　and　fustian　coats；　are　very　often　most　unnecessarily　insolent　in　asserting　their　independence。　　What　I　now　mean　to　say　is　that　precisely　the　same　fault　is　to　be　found　in　Canada。　　I　know　well　what　the　men　mean　when　they　offend　in　this　manner。　　And　when　I　think　on　the　subject　with　deliberation　at　my　own　desk；　I　can　not　only　excuse；　but　almost　approve　them。　　But　when　one　personally　encounters　this　corduroy　braggadocio；　when　the　man　to　whose　services　one　is　entitled　answers　one　with　determined　insolence；　when　one　is　bidden　to　follow　〃that　young　lady；〃　meaning　the　chambermaid；　or　desired；　with　a　toss　of　the　head；　to　wait　for　the　〃gentleman　who　is　coming；〃　meaning　the　boots；　the　heart　is　sickened；　and　the　English　traveler　pines　for　the　civilityfor　the　servility；　if　my　American　friends　choose　to　call　it　soof　a　well…ordered　servant。　　But　the　whole　scene　is　easily　construed；　and　turned　into　English。　　A　man　is　asked　by　a　stranger　some　question　about　his　employment；　and　he　replies　in　a　tone　which　seems　to　imply　anger；　insolence；　and　a　dishonest　intention　to　evade　the　service　for　which　he　is　paid。　　Or；　if　there　be　no　question　of　service　or　payment；　the　man's　manner　will　be　the　same；　and　the　stranger　feels　that　he　is　slapped　in　the　face　and　insulted。　　The　translation　of　it　is　this：　The　man　questioned；　who　is　aware　that　as　regards　coat；　hat；　boots；　and　outward　cleanliness　he　is　below　him　by　whom　he　is　questioned；　unconsciously　feels　himself　called　upon　to　assert　his　political　equality。　　It　is　his　shibboleth　that　he　is　politically　equal　to　the　best；　that　he　is　independent；　and　that　his　labor；　though　it　earn　him　but　a　dollar　a　day　by　porterage；　places　him　as　a　citizen　on　an　equal　rank　with　the　most　wealthy　fellow…man　that　may　employ　or　accost　him。　　But；　being　so　inferior　in　that　coat；　hat；　and　boots　matter；　he　is　forced　to　assert　his　equality　by　some　effort。　　As　he　improves　in　externals；　he　will　diminish　the　roughness　of　his　claim。　　As　long　as　the　man　makes　his　claim　with　any　roughness；　so　long　does　he　acknowledge　within　himself　some　feeling　of　external　inferiority。　　When　that　has　gonewhen　the　American　has　polished　himself　up　by　education　and　general　well…being　to　a　feeling　of　external　equality　with　gentlemen；　he　shows；　I　think；　no　more　of　that　outward　braggadocio　of　independence　than　a　Frenchman。　But　the　blow　at　the　moment　of　the　stroke　is　very　galling。　　I　confess　that　I　have　occasionally　all　but　broken　down　beneath　it。　But　when　it　is　thought　of　afterward　it　admits　of　full　excuse。　　No　effort　that　a　man　can　make　is　better　than　a　true　effort　at　independence。　　But　this　insolence　is　a　false　effort；　it　will　be　said。　　It　should　rather　be　called　a　false　accompaniment　to　a　life…　long　true　effort。　　The　man　probably　is　not　dishonest；　does　not　desire　to　shirk　any　service　which　is　due　from　him；　is　not　even　inclined　to　insolence。　　Accept　his　first　declaration　of　equality　for　that　which　it　is　intended　to　represent；　and　the　man　afterward　will　be　found　obliging　and　communicative。　　If　occasion　offer　he　will　sit　down　in　the　room　with　you；　and　will　talk　with　you　on　any　subject　that　he　may　choose；　but　having　once　ascertained　that　you　show　no　resentment　for　this　assertion　of　equality；　he　will　do　pretty　nearly　all　that　is　asked。　　He　will　at　any　rate　do　as　much　in　that　way　as　an　Englishman。　　I　say　thus　much　on　this　subject　now　especially；　because　I　was　quite　as　much　struck　by　the　feeling　in　Canada　as　I　was　within　the　States。　From　Prescott　we　went　on　by　the　Grand　Trunk　Railway　to　Toronto；　and　stayed　there　for　a　few　days。　　Toronto　is　the　capital　of　the　province　of　Upper　Canada；　and　I　presume　will　in　some　degree　remain　so；　in　spite　of　Ottawa　and　its　pretensions。　　That　is；　the　law　courts　will　still　be　held　there。　　I　do　not　know　that　it　will　enjoy　any　other　supremacy　unless　it　be　that　of　trade　and　population。　Some　few　years　ago　Toronto　was　advancing　with　rapid　strides；　and　was　bidding　fair　to　rival　Quebec；　or　even　perhaps　Montreal。　Hamilton　also；　another　town　of　Upper　Canada；　was　going　ahead　in　the　true　American　style；　but　then　reverses　came　in　trade；　and　the　towns　were　checked　for　awhile。　　Toronto；　with　a　neighboring　suburb　which　is　a　part　of　it；　as　Southwark　is　of　London；　contains　now　over　50；000　inhabitants。　　The　streets　are　all　parallelogramical；　and　there　is　not　a　single　curvature　to　rest　the　eye。　　It　is　built　down　close　upon　Lake　Ontario；　and　as　it　is　also　on　the　Grand　Trunk　Railway；　it　has　all　the　aid　which　facility　of　traffic　can　give　it。　The　two　sights　of　Toronto　are　the　Osgoode　Hall　and　the　University。　The　Osgoode　Hall　is　to　Upper　Canada　what　the　Four　Courts　are　to　Ireland。　　The　law　courts　are　all　held　there。　　Exteriorly；　little　can　be　said　for　Osgoode　Hall；　whereas　the　exterior　of　the　Four　Courts　in　Dublin　is　very　fine；　but　as　an　interior；　the　temple　of　Themis　at　Toronto　beats　hollow　that　which　the　goddess　owns　in　Dublin。　　In　Dublin　the　courts　themselves　are　shabby；　and　the　space　under　the　dome　is　not　so　fine　as　the　exterior　seems　to　promise　that　it　should　be。　　In　Toronto　the　courts　themselves　are；　I　think；　the　most　commodious　that　I　ever　saw；　and　the　passages；　vestibules；　and　hall　are　very　handsome。　　In　Upper　Canada　the　common…law　judges　and　those　in　chancery　are　divided　as　they　are　in　England；　but　it　is；　as　I　was　told；　the　opinion　of　Canadian　lawyers　that　the　work　may　be　thrown　together。　　Appeal　is　allowed　in　criminal　cases；　but　as　far　as　I　could　learn　such　power　of　appeal　is　held　to　be　both　troublesome　and　useless。　　In　Lower　Canada　the　old　French　laws　are　still　administered。　But　the　University　is　the　glory　of　Toronto。　　This　is　a　Gothic　building；　and　will　take　rank　after；　but　next　to；　the　buildings　at　Ottawa。　　It　will　be　the　second　piece　of　noble　architecture　in　Canada；　and　as　far　as　I　know　on　the　American　continent。　　It　is；　I　believe；　intended　to　be　purely　Norman；　though　I　doubt　whether　the　received　types　of　Norman　architecture　have　not　been　departed　from　in　many　of　the　windows。　　Be　this　as　it　may；　the　college　is　a　manly；　noble　structure；　free　from　false　decoration；　and　infinitely　creditable　to　those　who　projected　it。　　I　was　informed　by　the　head　of　the　college　that　it　has　been　open　only　two　years；　and　here　also　I　fancy　that　the　colony　has　been　much　indebted　to　the　taste　of　the　late　Governor；　Sir　Edmund　Head。　Toronto　as　a　city　is　not　generally　attractive　to　a　traveler。　　The　country　around　it　is　flat；　and；　though　it　stands　on　a　lake；　that　lake　has　no　attributes　of　beauty。　　Large　inland　seas；　such　as　are　these　great　Northern　lakes　of　America；　never　have　such　attributes。　Picturesque　mountains　rise　from　narrow　valleys；　such　as　form　the　beds　of　lakes　in　Switzerland；　Scotland；　and　Northern　Italy；　but　from　such　broad　waters　as　those　of　Lake　Ontario；　Lake　Erie；　and　Lake　Michigan；　the　shores　shelve　very　gradually；　and　have　none　of　the　materials　of　lovely　scenery。　The　streets　in　Toronto　are　framed　with　wood；　or　rather　planked；　as　are