按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！
clause would seriously violate our customs without being of any
benefit to society or of any moral advantage。 We assured ourselves；
moreover； that there should always be a division of property。〃 With
respect to donations： 〃It is repugnant to all ideas of beneficence to
allow donations to the rich。 Nature is averse to the making of such
gifts so long as our eyes dwell on misery and misfortune。 These
affecting considerations have determined us to fix a point； a sort of
maximum； which prohibits gifts on the part of those who have reached
that point。〃
＇60＇ Moniteur； XII。； 730； （June 22； 1792）； speech by Lamarque。 … But
this principle is encountered everywhere。 〃Equality； indeed； （is） the
final aim of social art。〃 （Condorcet； 'Tableau des progrès de l'esprit
humain；〃 II。； 59。 … 〃We desired；〃 writes Baudot； 〃to apply to
politics the equality which the Gospel awards to Christians。〃 （Quinet；
〃Revolution Fran？aise； II。； 407。）
＇61＇ Buchez et Roux； XXXV； 296 （The words of Saint…Just。） … Moniteur；
XVIII； 505 （Ordinance of the Paris Commune； Frimaire 3； year II）。
〃Wealth and Poverty must alike disappear under the régime of
equality。〃
＇62＇ Ib。 XXXV； 296 （〃Institutions〃 by Saint…Just）。 〃A man is not
made for trades； nor for a workhouse nor for an alms…house； all this
is frightful。〃 … Ibid。； XXXI。； 312。 （Report of Saint…Just； Vent？se 8；
year II。） 〃Let all Europe see that you will not allow a miserable man
on French territory！ 。 。 。 Happiness is a new idea in Europe。〃
＇63＇ Ib。 XXXV； 296 （〃Institutions〃 by Saint…Just。）
＇64＇ Moniteur； XX； 444 （ Report by Barère； Floreal 22； year II）。
〃Mendicity is incompatible with popular government。〃
＇65＇ Ib。； XIX。； 568。 （Report by Saint…Just； Vent？se 8； year II。）
＇66＇ Ib。； XX； 448 （Rapport by Barère； Floreal 22）。
＇67＇ Ibid。； XIX。； 568。 （Report by Saint…Just； Vent？se 8； and decree
of Vent？se 13。） 〃The Committee of Public Safety will report on the
means of indemnifying the unfortunate with property belonging to the
enemies of the Revolution。〃
＇68＇ Ibid。； XIX。； 484。 （Report by Barère； Vent？se 21； year II。） …
Ibid。； XX。； 445。 （Report by Barère； Floréal 22； year II。） … Decrees
on public assistance； June 28； 1793； July 25； 1793； Frimaire 2； and
Floréal 22； year II。） … this principle； moreover； was set forth in the
Constitution of 1793。 〃Public help is a sacred obligation； society
owes a subsistence to unfortunate citizens； whether by providing work
for them； or by ensuring the means of existence to those who are not
in a condition to work。〃 … Archives Nationales； AF。 II。； 39。 The
character of this measure is very clearly expressed in the following
circular of the Committee of Public Safety to its representatives on
mission in the departments； Vent？se； year II。 〃A summary act was
necessary to put the aristocracy down。 The national Convention has
struck the blow。 Virtuous indigence had to recover the property which
crime had encroached upon。 The national Convention has proclaimed its
rights。 A general list of all prisoners should be sent to the
Committee of General Security； charged with deciding on their fate。
The Committee of Public Safety will receive the statement of the
indigent in each commune so as to regulate what is due to them。 Both
these proceedings demand the utmost dispatch and should go together。
It is necessary that terror and justice be brought to bear on all
points at once。 The Revolution is the work of the people and it is
time they should have the benefit of it。〃
＇69＇ Moniteur； XX。； 449。 （Report by Barère； Floréal 22； year II。）
＇70＇ Decree of April 2…5； 1793。
＇71＇ Moniteur； XVIII。； 505。 （Orders of Fouché and Collet d'Herbois；
dated at Lyons and communicated to the commune of Paris； Frimaire 3；
year II。） … De Martel； 〃Etude sur Fouché；〃 132。 Orders of Fouché on
his mission in the Nievre； Sept。 19； 1793。 〃There shall be
established in each district town a Committee of Philanthropy；
authorized to levy on the rich a tax proportionate to the number of
the indigent。〃
＇72＇ Decree of April 2…5； 1793。 〃There shall be organized in each
large commune a guard of citizens selected from the least fortunate。
These citizens shall be armed and paid at the expense of the
Republic。〃
＇73＇ Moniteur； XX。； 449。 （Report of Barère； Floréal 22； year II。）
＇74＇ Ibid。； XIX。； 689。 （Report by Saint…Just； Vent？se 23； year II。）
〃We spoke of happiness。 It is not the happiness of Persepolis we
have offered to you。 It is that of Sparta or Athens in their best
days； the happiness of virtue； that of comfort and moderation； the
happiness which springs from the enjoyment of the necessary without
the superfluous； the luxury of a cabin and of a field fertilized by
your own hands。 A cart； a thatched roof affording shelter from the
frosts； a family safe from the lubricity of a robber … such is happiness！〃
＇75＇ Buchez et Roux； XXXI。； 402。 （Constitution of 1793。）
＇76＇ Ibid。 XXXV。； 310。 （〃Institutions〃； by Saint…Just。）
＇77＇ Ibid。； XXVI。； 93 and 131。 （Speech by Robespierre on property；
April 24； 1793； and declaration of rights adopted by the Jacobin
Club。） … Mallet…Dupan； 〃Mémoires；〃 I。； 401。 （Address of a deputation
from Gard。） 〃Material wealth is no more the special property of any
one member of the social body than base metal stamped as a circulating
medium。〃
＇78＇ Moniteur； VIII。； 452。 （Speech by Hébert in the Jacobin Club；
Brumaire 26； year II。） 〃Un Séjour en France de 1792 à 1795；〃 p。218。
（Amiens； Oct。 4； 1794。） 〃While waiting this morning at a shop door I
overheard a beggar bargaining for a slice of pumpkin。 Unable to agree
on the price with the woman who kept the shop he pronounced her
'corrupted with aristocracy。' 'I defy you to prove it！' she replied。
But； as she spoke； she turned pale and added； 'Your civism is beyond
all question … but take your pumpkin。' 'Ah；' returned the beggar；
'what a good republican！'〃
＇79＇ Ibid。； XVIII。； 320。 （Meeting of Brumaire 11； year II。 Report by
Barère。） … Meillan； 17。 Already； before the 31st May： 〃The tribune
resounded with charges against monopoly； every man being a monopolist
who was not reduced to living on daily wages or on alms。〃
＇80＇ Decrees of July 26； 1793； Sept。 11 and 29； Brumaire 11； and
Vent？se 6； year II。
＇81＇ Moniteur； XVIII。； 359。 〃Brumaire 16； year II。 Sentence of death
of Pierre Gourdier； thirty…six years of age； stock…broker； resident in
Paris； rue Bellefond； convicted of having monopolized and concealed in
his house a large quantity of bread； in order to bread scarcity in the
midst of abundance。〃 He had gastritis and could eat nothing but panada
made with toast； and the baker who furnished this gave him thirty
pieces at a time （Wallon； II。； 155）。
＇82＇ Journal of the debates of the Jacobin Club； No。 532； Brumaire
20； year II。 （Plan of citizen Dupré； presented in the Convention by a
deputation of the Arc