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de Campo…Formio；〃 I。； 91…109： 〃Promotion； which every one feared at
this time。〃 。 。 。 Ibid。 229。 〃Men who had any resources
obstinately held aloof from any kind of advancement。〃 Archives
Nationales； DS。 I； 5。 （Mission of representative Albert in L'Aube
and La Marne； and especially the order issued by Albert； Chalons；
Germinal 7； year III。； with the numerous petitions of judges and town
officers soliciting their removal。 … Letter of the painter Gosse
（published in Le Temps； May 31； 1872）； which is very curious； showing
the trials of those in private life during the Revolution： 〃My father
was appointed charity commissioner and quartermaster for the troops；
at the time of the Reign of Terror it would have been imprudent to
have refused any office〃 … Archives Nationales； F7； 3485。 The case of
Girard Toussaint； notary at Paris； who 〃fell under the sword of the
law； Thermidor 9； year II。〃 This Girard； who was very liberal early in
the revolution； was president of his section in 1789； but； after the
10th of August； he had kept quiet。 The committee of the section of
the 〃Amis de la Patrie；〃 〃considering that citizen Girard 。 。 。 。
came forward only at the time when the court and Lafayette prevailed
against the sans…culottes；〃 that； 〃since equality was established by
the Revolution he has deprived his fellow citizens of his knowledge；
which； in a revolution； is criminal； unanimously agree that the said
citizen is 〃suspect〃 and order 〃him to be sent to the Luxembourg。〃
＇18＇ Ludovic Sciout； 〃Histoire de la Constitution civile du clergé；〃
IV。； 131； 135。 （Orders issued by Dartigoyte and de Pinet）。 …
〃Recueil de pieces authentiques serrant à l'histoire de la révolution
à Strasbourg。〃 Vol。 I。 p。 230。 （Speech by Schneider at Barr； for
marrying the patriot Funck。） Schneider； it appears； did still better
on his own account。 （Ibid。； 317）。
＇19＇ Buchez et Roux； XXIX。； 160。 （Report of Saint…Just； October 20；
1793。） 〃You have to punish not only traitors； but even the
indifferent； you must punish all in the Republic who are passive and
do nothing for it。〃
＇20＇ Buchez et Roux； XXXII。； 338。 Report of the Convention on the
theory of democratic government； by Billaud…Varennes （April 20； 1794）。
＇21＇ Buchez et Roux； XXXI。； 270。 Report by Robespierre； on the
principles which should guide the National Convention in the internal
administration of the Republic； February 5； 1794。… Cf。 〃The ancient
Régime；〃 227…230； the ideas of Rousseau； of which those of Robespierre
are simply a recast。
＇22＇ Ibid。； 270。 … The pretension of reforming men's sentiments is
found in all the programs。 Ibid。； 305。 （Report of Saint…Just；
February 26； 1794。） 〃Our object is to create an order of things
establishing a universal inclination toward the good； and to have
factions immediately hurled upon the scaffold。〃 Ibid。； 337。 （Report
of Saint…Just； March 13； 1794。〃 … Ibid。； 337。 （Report of Saint…Just；
March 13； 1794。） 〃We see but one way of arresting the evil； and that
is to convert the revolution into a civil power and wage war on every
species of perversity； as designedly created amongst us for the
enervation of the republic。〃
＇23＇ Ibid。； XXXV。； 276。 （Institutions； by Saint…Just。 … Ibid。； 287。）
… Moniteur； XVIII。； 343。 Meeting of the Jacobin Club； Brumaire 13；
year II。； speech by Baudot。
＇24＇ Buchez et Roux； XXIX； 142。 （Speech by Jean Bon St。 André in the
Convention； Sep。 25； 1793。） 〃We are said to exercise arbitrary power；
we are charged with being despots。 We； despots！ 。 。 。 Ah； no
doubt； if despotism is to secure the triumph of liberty； such a
despotism is political regeneration。〃 （Applause。） … Ibid； XXXI。； 276。
（Report by Robespierre； Pluviose 17； year； II。） 〃It has been said that
terror is the incentive of despotic government。 Does yours； then；
resemble despotism？ Yes； as the sword which flashes in the hands of
the heroes of liberty； resembles that with which the satellites of
tyranny are armed。。。。。 The government of the Revolution is the
despotism of freedom against tyranny。〃
＇25＇ Ibid。； XXXII； 353。 Decree of April 1791。 〃The Convention
declares； that； supported by the virtues of the French people； it will
insure the triumph of the democratic revolution and show no pity in
punishing its enemies。〃
＇26＇ In the following portrayal of the ancient régime； the bombast and
credulity of the day overflows in the most extravagant exaggerations
（Buchez et Roux； XXXI。； 300； Report； by Saint…Just； February 26；
1794。）： 〃In 1788； Louis XVI。 Caused eight thousand persons of both
sexes and of every age to be sacrificed in the rue Meslay and on the
Pont…Neuf。 These scenes were repeated by the court on the Champs de
Mars； the court had hangings in the prisons； and the bodies of the
drowned found in the Seine were its victims。 These were four hundred
thousand prisoners in confinement； fifteen thousand smugglers were
hung in a year； and three thousand men were broken on the wheel； there
were more prisoners in Paris than there are now 。 。 。 Look at
Europe。 There are four millions of people shut up in Europe whose
shrieks are never heard。〃 … Ibid。； XXIV。； 132。 （Speech by
Robespierre； May 10； 1793）。 〃Up to this time the art of governing has
simply consisted in the art of stripping and subduing the masses for
the benefit of the few； and legislation； the mode of reducing these
outrages to a system。〃
＇27＇ Buchez et Roux； XXXII。； 353。 （Report by Robespierre to the
Convention； May 7； 1794。） 〃Nature tells us that man is born for
freedom while the experience of man for centuries shows him a slave。
His rights are written in his heart and history records his
humiliation。〃
＇28＇ Ibid。； 372。 〃Priests are to morality what charlatans are to
medical practice。 How different is the God of nature from the God of
the priests！ I know of nothing which is so much like atheism as the
religions they have manufactured。〃 Already； in the Constituent
Assembly； Robespierre wanted to prevent the father from endowing a
child。 〃You have done nothing for liberty if yours laws do not tend
to diminish by mild and effective means the inequality of fortunes。〃
（Hamel； I。； 403。）
＇29＇ Decree of Frimaire 18； year II。 … Note the restrictions： 〃The
convention； in the foregoing arrangement； has no idea of derogating
from any law or precaution for public safety against refractory or
turbulent priests； or against those who might attempt to abuse the
pretext of religion in order to compromise the cause of liberty。 Nor
does it mean to disapprove of what has thus far been done by virtue of
the ordinances of representatives of the people； nor to furnish
anybody with a pretext for unsettling patriotism and relaxing the
energy of public spirit。〃
＇30＇ Decrees of May 27； and August 26； 1792； March 18； April 21 and
October 20； 1793； April 11； and May 11； 1794。 … Add （Moniteur； XIX。；
697） the decree providing for the confisca