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Cordelier；〃 No。 IV。； Frimaire 30； year II。） … Beaulieu does not state
precisely what the committee of General Security meant by the word
déténu。 Does it merely relate to those incarcerated？ Or must all who
were confined at their own houses be included？ … We are able to verify
his statement and determine the number； at least approximatively； by
taking one department in which the rigor of the revolutionary system
was average and where the lists handed in were complete。 According to
the census of 1791； Doubs contained two hundred and twenty…one
thousand inhabitants； France had a population of 26 millions； and we
have just seen the number of each category that were under
confinement； the proportion for France gives 258 000 persons
incarcerated； and 175 000 confined to their houses； and 175 000
persons besides these on the limits in their communes； or ajournées；
that is to say； 608 000 persons deprived of their liberty。 The first
two categories form a total of 433 000 persons； sufficiently near
Beaulieu's figures。
＇14＇ Paris； 〃Histoire de Joseph Lebon；〃 II。； 371； 372； 375； 377； 379；
380。 … 〃Les Angoisses de la Mort；〃 by Poirier and Monjay of Dunkirk
（second edition； year III。）。 〃Their children and trusty agents still
remained in prison； they were treated no better than ourselves。 。 。
。 we saw children coming in from all quarters； infants of five years；
and； to withdraw them from paternal authority； they had sent to them
from time to time； commissioners who used immoral language with them。〃
＇15＇ Mémoires sur les Prisons；〃 （Barrière et Berville collection）；
II。； 354； and appendix F。 Ibid。； II。； 2262。 … The women were the
first to pass under rapiotage。〃 （Prisons of Arras and that of Plessis；
at Paris。）
＇16＇ Documents on Daunou；〃 by Taillandier。 （Narrative by Daunou； who
was imprisoned in turn in La Force； in the Madelonettes； in the
English Benedictine establishment； in the Hotel des Fermes； and in
Port…Libre。） … On prison management cf。； for the provinces； 〃Tableaux
des Prisons de Toulouse；〃 by Pescayre； 〃Un Sejour en France；〃 and 〃Les
Horreurs des Prisons d'Arras；〃 for Arras and Amiens； Alexandrines des
Echerolles； 〃Une Famille noble sous la Terreur；〃 for Lyons； the trial
of Carrier for Nantes； for Paris； 〃Histoire des Prisons〃 by Nougaret；
4 vols。； and the 〃Mémoires sur les Prisons；〃 2 vols。
＇17＇ Testimony of Representative Blanqui； imprisoned at La Force； and
of Representative Beaulieu； imprisoned in the Luxembourg and at the
Madelonettes。 … Beaulieu； 〃Essais；〃 V。； 290： 〃The conciergerie was
still full of wretches held for robbery and assassination； poverty…
stricken and repulsive。 … It was with these that counts； marquises；
voluptuous financiers； elegant dandies； and more than one wretched
philosopher； were shut up； pell…mell； in the foulest cells； waiting
until the guillotine could make room in the chambers filled with camp…
bedsteads。 They were generally put with those on the straw； on
entering； where they sometimes remained a fortnight。。。 It was
necessary to drink brandy with these persons； in the evening； after
having dropped their excrement near their straw； they went to sleep in
their filth。 。 。 。 I passed those three nights half…sitting； half…
stretched out on a bench； one leg on the ground and leaning against
the wall。〃 … Wallon； 〃La Terreur；〃 II。； 87。 （Report of Grandpré on
the Conciergerie； March 17； 1793。 〃Twenty…six men collected into one
room； sleeping on twenty…one mattresses； breathing the foulest air and
covered with half…rotten rags。〃 In another room forty…five men and ten
straw…beds； in a third； thirty…nine poor creatures dying in nine
bunks； in three other rooms； eighty miserable creatures on sixteen
mattresses filled with vermin； and； as to the women； fifty…four having
nine mattresses and standing up alternately。 … The worst prisons in
Paris were the Conciergerie； La Force； Le Plessis and Bicêtre。 …
〃Tableau des Prisons de Toulouse；〃 p。 316。 〃Dying with hunger； we
contended with the dogs for the bones intended for them； and we
pounded them up to make soup with。〃
＇18＇ 〃Recueil de Pièces； etc。；〃 i。； p。3。 （Letter of Frédéric Burger；
Prairial 2； year II。）
＇19＇ Alfred Lallier； 〃Les Noyades de Nantes；〃 p。 90。 … Campardon；
〃Histoire de Tribunal Révolutionnaire de Paris；〃 （trial of Carrier）；
II。； 55。 （Deposition of the health…officer； Thomas。） 〃 I saw perish
in the revolutionary hospital （at Nantes） seventy…five prisoners in
two days。 None but rotten mattresses were found there； on each of
which the epidemic had consumed more than fifty persons。 At the
Entrepot； I found a number of corpses scattered about here and there。
I saw children； still breathing； drowned in tubs full of human
excrement。〃
＇20＇ Narrative of the sufferings of unsworn priests； deported in 1794；
in the roadstead of Aix； passim。
＇21＇ 〃Histoire des Prisons；〃 I。； 10。 〃Go and visit；〃 says a
contemporary； （at the Conciergerie）； the dungeons called 'the great
C？sar；' 'Bombie；' 'St。 Vincent。' ' Bel Air；' etc。； and say whether
death is not preferable to such an abode。〃 Some persons； indeed； the
sooner to end the matter； wrote to the public prosecutor； accusing
themselves； demanding a king and priests； and are at once guillotined；
as they hoped to be。 … Cf。 the narrative of 〃La Translation des 132
à Nantois Paris；〃 and Riouffe； 〃Mémoires；〃 on the sufferings of
prisoners on their way to their last prison。
＇22＇ Berryat Saint…Prix； p。 IX。； passim。
＇23＇ Campardon； II。； 224。
＇24＇ Berryat Saint…Prix； 445。 … Paris； 〃Histoire de Joseph Lebon；〃
II。； 352。 … Alfred Lallier； p。 90。 … Buchez et Roux； XXXII。； 394。
＇25＇ Berryat Saint…Prix； pp。23； 24。
＇26＇ Berryat Saint…Prix； p。458。 〃At Orange； Madame de Latour…Vidan；
aged eighty and idiotic for many years； was executed with her son。 It
is stated that； on being led to the scaffold； she thought she was
entering a carriage to pay visits and so told her son。〃 … Ibid。； 471。
After Thermidor； the judges of the Orange commission having been put
on trial； the jury declared that 〃 they refused to hear testimony for
the defense and did not allow the accused even informal lawyers to
defend them。〃
＇27＇ Camille Boursier；〃 La Terreur en Anjou；〃 p。228。 （Deposition of
Widow Edin。） 〃La Persac； a nun ill and infirm； was ready to take the
oath。 Nicolas； Vacheron's agent； assisted by several other persons；
dragged her out of bed and put her on a cart； from ninety to ninety…
four others were shot along with her。〃
＇28＇ Berryat Saint…Prix； p。 161。 The following are samples of these
warrants： 〃S。 （shot）； Germinal 13； Widow Menard； seventy…two years
old； an old aristocrat； liking nobody； habitually living by herself。〃
… Warrant of the Marseilles committee； Germinal 28； year II。；
condemning one Cousinéri for having continually strayed off as if to
escape popular vengeance； to which he was liable on account of his