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being eminent intellects of the highest culture and noblest character；
embracing the greatest historical names of the French magistracy； …
Etienne Pasquier； Lefèvre d'Ormesson； Molé de Champlatreux； De
Lamoignon； de Malesherbes； … are sent to the guillotine＇155＇ by the
judges and juries familiar to us； assassins or brutes who do not take
the trouble； or who have not the capacity； to give proper color to
their sentences。 M。 de Malesherbes exclaims； after reading his
indictment； 〃 If that were only common…sense！〃 … In effect those who
pronounce judgment are； by their own admission； 〃substantial jurymen；
good sans…culottes； natural people。〃 And such a nature！ One of these；
Trenchard； an Auvergnat carpenter； portrays himself accurately in the
following note addressed to his wife before the trial comes on：
〃If you are not alone； and the companion can work； you may come； my
dear； and see the twenty…four gentlemen condemned； all of them former
presidents or councillors in the parliaments of Toulouse and Paris。 I
recommend you to bring something along with you （to eat）； it will be
three hours before we finish。 I embrace you； my dear friend and
wife。〃＇156＇
In the same court； Lavoisier； the founder and organizer of chemistry；
the great discoverer； and condemned to death； asks for a reprieve of
his sentence for a fortnight to complete an experiment； and the
president； Coffinhal； another Auvergnat； replies；
〃The Republic has no need of savants。〃＇157＇
And it has no need of poets。 The first poet of the epoch； André
Chénier； the delicate and superior artist who reopens antique sources
of inspiration and starts the modern current； is guillotined； we
possess the original manuscript indictment of his examination； a
veritable master…piece of gibberish and barbarism； of which a full
copy is necessary to convey an idea of its 〃turpitudes of sense and
orthography。〃＇158＇ The reader may there see； if he pleases； a man of
genius delivered up to brutes； coarse； angry； despotic animals； who
listen to nothing； who comprehend nothing； who do not even understand
terms in common use； who stumble through their queries； and who； to
ape intelligence； draggle their pens along in supreme stupidity。
The overthrow is complete。 France； subject to the Revolutionary
Government； resembles a human being forced to walk with his head down
and to think with his feet。
_____________________________________________________________________
Notes：
＇1＇ Cf。 〃The Revolution；〃 book I。； ch。 3； and book III。； chs。 9 and
10。
＇2＇ Grégoire； 〃 Memoires；〃 II。； 172。 〃About eighteen thousand
ecclesiastics are enumerated among the émigrés of the first epoch。
About eighteen thousand more took themselves off； or were sent off；
after the 2nd of September。〃
＇3＇ Ibid。； 26。 〃The chief of the émigré bureau in the police
department （May 9； 1805） enumerates about two hundred thousand persons
reached； or affected； by the laws concerning emigration。〃 … Lally…
Tolendal； 〃Défense des Emigrés；〃 （2nd part； p。 62 and passim）。
Several thousand persons inscribed as émigrés did not leave France。
The local administration recorded them on its lists either because
they lived in another department； and could not obtain the numerous
certificates exacted by the law in proof of residence； or because
those who made up the lists treated these certificates with contempt。
It was found convenient to manufacture an émigré in order to
confiscate his possessions legally； and even to guillotine him； not
less legally； as a returned émigré。 … Message of the Directory to the
〃Five Hundred；〃 Vent？se 3； year V。： 〃According to a rough estimate；
obtained at the Ministry of Finances； the number enrolled on the
general list of émigres amounts to over one hundred and twenty
thousand； and； again； the lists from some of the departments have not
come in。〃 … Lafayette； 〃Mémoires；〃 vol。 II。； 181。 （Letters to M。 de
Maubourg； Oct。 17； 1799 （noté） Oct。 19； 1800。） According to the
report of the Minister of Police； the list of émigrés； in nine vols。；
still embraced one hundred and forty…five thousand persons；
notwithstanding that thirteen thousand were struck off by the
Directory； and twelve hundred by the consular government。
＇4＇ Cf。 Mémoires of Louvet； Dulaure and Vaublanc。 … Mallet…Dupan；
〃Mémoires；〃 II。； 7。 〃Several； to whom I have spoken； literally made
the tour of France in various disguises； without having been able to
find an outlet； it was only after a series of romantic adventures that
they finally succeeded in gaining the Swiss frontier； the only one at
all accessible。〃 … Sauzay； V。； 210； 220； 226； 276。 （Emigration of
fifty…four inhabitants of Charquemont； setting out for Hungary。）
＇5＇ Ibid。； vols。 IV。； V。； VI。； VII。 （On the banished priests
remaining and still continuing their ministrations； and on those who
returned to resume them。） … To obtain an idea of the situation of the
emigrés and their relations and friends； it is necessary to read the
law of Sep。15； 1794 （Brumaire 25； year III。）； which renews and
generalizes previous laws； children of fourteen years and ten years
are affected by it。 It was with the greatest difficulty； even if one
did not leave France； that a person could prove that he had not
emigrated。
＇6＇ Pandour； an 18th century Croatian foot…soldier in the Austrian
service： a robber。 （SR）
＇7＇ Moniteur； XVIII。； 215。 （Letter of Brigadier…general Vandamme to
the convention； Ferney； Brumaire I； year II。） The reading of this
letter calls forth 〃reiterated applause。〃
＇8＇ Sauzay； V。； 196。 （The total is five thousand two hundred。 Some
hundreds of names might be added； inasmuch as many of the village
lists are wanting。）
＇9＇ Buchez et Roux； XXXIV。； 434。 （Trial of Fouquier…Tinville；
deposition of Therriet…Grandpré； one of the heads of the commission on
civil Police and Judicial Administration； 51st witness。）
＇10＇ Report by Saladin； March 4； 1795。
＇11＇ Wallon； 〃La Terreur；〃 II。； 202。
＇12＇ Duchatelier； 〃Brest Pendant la Terreur；〃 p。 105。 … Paris；
〃Histoire de Joseph Lebon；〃 II。； 370。 … 〃Tableau des Prisons de
Toulouse；〃 by Pescayre； p。 409。 … 〃 Recueil de Pièces Authentiques
sur la Révolution à Strasbourg；〃 I。； 65。 （List of arrests after
Prairial 7； year II。） When the following arrests were made there were
already over three thousand persons confined in Strasbourg。〃 … Alfred
Lallier； 〃Les Noyades de Nantes；〃 p。90。 … Berryat Saint…Prix； p。436。
（Letter of Maignet to Couthon； Avignon； Floreal 4； year II。）
＇13＇ Baulieu； 〃Essais；〃 V。； 283。 At the end of December； 1793；
Camille Desmoulins wrote： 〃Open the prison doors to those two hundred
thousand citizens whom you call 'suspects'！〃 … The number of prisoners
largely increased during the seven following months。 （〃Le Vieux
Cordelier；〃 No。 IV。； Frimaire 30； year II。） … Beaulieu does not state
precisely what the committee of G