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intimacy。 Don the carmagnole and tremble； become rustics and dolts；
and prove your civism by the absence of all education。〃
This is true to the letter。
〃Education；＇146＇ 〃 says another contemporary； 〃amiable qualities；
gentle ways； a mild physiognomy； bodily graces； a cultivated mind； all
natural endowments are henceforth the inevitable causes of
proscription。〃
One is self…condemned if one has not converted oneself into a sans…
culotte and proletarian； in accordance with affected modes； air；
language and dress。 Hence；
〃through a hypocritical contest hitherto unknown men who were not
vicious deemed it necessary to appear so。〃
And worse still；
〃one was even afraid to be oneself； one changed one's name； one went
in disguise； wearing a vulgar and tasteless attire； everybody shrunk
from being what he was。〃
For； according to the Jacobin program； all Frenchmen must be
recast＇147＇ in one uniform mold； they must be taken when small； all
must be subject to the same enforced education； that of a mechanic；
rustic and soldier's boy。 Be warned； ye adults； by the guillotine；
reform yourselves beforehand according to the prescribed pattern！ No
more costly； elegant or delicate crystal or gold vases！ All are
shattered or are still being shattered。 Henceforth； only common ware
is to be tolerated or ordered to be made； all alike in substance；
shape and color； manufactured by thousands at wholesale and in public
factories； for the common and plain uses of rural and military life；
all original and superior forms are to be rejected。
〃The masters of the day；〃 writes Daunou；＇148＇ 〃deliberately aimed
their sword thrusts at superior talent； at energetic characters； they
mowed down as well as they could in so short a time； the flower and
hope of the nation。〃
In this respect they were consistent； equality…socialism＇149＇ allows
none but automatic citizens； mere tools in the hands of the State； all
alike； of a rudimentary fashion and easily managed； without personal
conscience； spontaneity； curiosity or integrity； whoever has
cultivated himself； whoever has thought for himself and exercised his
own will and judgment rises above the level and shakes off the yoke；
to obtain consideration； to be intelligent and honorable； to belong to
the élite； is to be anti…revolutionary。 In the popular club of Bourg…
en…Bresse；＇150＇ Representative Javogues declared that；
〃the Republic could be established only on the corpse of the last of
the respectable men。〃
X。 The Governors and the Governed。
Prisoners in the rue de Sévres and the 〃Croix…Rouge〃 revolutionary
committee。 … The young Dauphin and Simon his preceptor。 … Judges；
and those under their jurisdiction。 … Trenchard and Coffinhal；
Lavoisier and André Chénier。
Here we have； on one side； the élite of France； almost every person of
rank； fortune； family； and merit； those eminent for intelligence；
culture； talent and virtue； all deprived of common rights； in exile；
in prison； under pikes； and on the scaffold。 On the other side； those
above common law； possessing every office and omnipotent in the
irresponsible dictatorship； in the despotic proconsulships； in the
sovereignty of justice； a horde of the outcasts of all classes； the
parvenus of fanaticism； charlatanism； imbecility and crime。 Often；
when these personalities meet； one sees the contrast between the
governed and the governors in such strong relief that one almost
regards it as calculated and arranged beforehand； the colors and brush
of the painter； rather than words； are necessary to represent it。 In
the western section of Paris； in the prisons of the rue de Sévres＇151＇
the prisoners consist of the most distinguished personages of the
Quartier Saint Germain； prelates； officers； grand…seigniors； and noble
ladies； … … Monseigneur de Clermont…Tonnerre； Monseigneur de Crussol
d'Amboise； Monseigneur de Hersaint； Monseigneur de Saint Simon； bishop
of Agde； the Comtesse de Narbonne…Pelet； the Duchesse de Choiseul； the
Princesse de Chimay； the Comtesse de Raymond…Narbonne and her
daughter； two years of age； in short； the flower of that refined
society which Europe admired and imitated and which； in its exquisite
perfection； equalled or surpassed all that Greece； Rome and Italy had
produced in brilliancy； polish and amiability。 Contrast with these
the arbiters of their lives and deaths； the potentates of the same
quarter who issue the warrants of arrest against them； who pen them in
to speculate on them； and who revel at their expense and before their
eyes： these consist of the members of the revolutionary committee of
the Croix…Rouge； the eighteen convicted rogues and debauchees
previously described；＇152＇ ex…cab…drivers； porters； cobblers； street…
messengers； stevedores； bankrupts； counterfeiters； former or future
jail…birds； all clients of the police or alms…house riff…raff。 … At
the other end of Paris； in the east； in the tower of the Temple；
separated from his sister and torn from his mother； still lives the
little Dauphin： no one in France merits more pity or respect than him。
For； if France exists； it is owing to the thirty…five military chiefs
and crowned kings of which he is the last direct scion； without their
thousand years of hereditary rule and preserving policy the intruders
into the Tuileries who have just profaned their tombs at St。 Denis
and thrown their bones into a common ditch；＇153＇ would not be
Frenchmen。 At this moment； were suffrages free； the immense majority
of the people； nineteen Frenchmen out of twenty； would recognize this
innocent and precious child for their King； the heir of the people of
which their nation and country is formed； a child of eight years； of
rare precociousness； as intelligent as he is good； and of a gentle and
winning expression。 Look at the other figure alongside of him； his
fist raised and with insults on his lips； with a hang…dog face；
bloated with brandy； titular governor； official preceptor； and
absolute master of this child； the cobbler Simon； malignant； foul…
mouthed； mean in every way； forcing him to become intoxicated；
starving him； preventing him from sleeping； thrashing him； and who；
obeying orders； instinctively visits on him all his brutality and
corruption that he may pervert； degrade and deprave him。＇154＇ … In the
Palais de Justice； midway between the tower of the Temple and the
prison in the rue de Sèvres； an almost similar contrast； transposing
the merits and demerits； daily brings together in opposition the
innocent with the vile。 There are days when the contrast； still more
striking； seats criminals on the judges' bench and judges on the bench
of criminals。 On the first and second of Floréal； the old
representatives and trustees of liberty under the monarchy； twenty…
five magistrates of the Paris and Toulouse parliaments； many of them
being eminent intellects of the highest culture and noblest character；
embrac