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former ages； had been inaccessible； and seen by none； for Pompey
went into it； and not a few of those that were with him also； and
saw all that which it was unlawful for any other men to see but
only for the high priests。 There were in that temple the golden
table； the holy candlestick； and the pouring vessels； and a great
quantity of spices； and besides these there were among the
treasures two thousand talents of sacred money： yet did Pompey
touch nothing of all this； （8） on account of his regard to
religion； and in this point also he acted in a manner that was
worthy of his virtue。 The next day he gave order to those that
had the charge of the temple to cleanse it； and to bring what
offerings the law required to God； and restored the high
priesthood to Hyrcanus； both because he had been useful to him in
other respects； and because he hindered the Jews in the country
from giving Aristobulus any assistance in his war against him。 He
also cut off those that had been the authors of that war； and
bestowed proper rewards on Faustus； and those others that mounted
the wall with such alacrity； and he made Jerusalem tributary to
the Romans； and took away those cities of Celesyria which the
inhabitants of Judea had subdued； and put them under the
government of the Roman president； and confined the whole nation；
which had elevated itself so high before； within its own bounds。
Moreover； he rebuilt Gadara； （9） which had been demolished a
little before； to gratify Demetrius of Gadara； who was his
freedman； and restored the rest of the cities； Hippos； and
Scythopolis； and Pella； and Dios； and Samaria； as also Marissa；
and Ashdod； and Jamnia； and Arethusa； to their own inhabitants：
these were in the inland parts。 Besides those that had been
demolished； and also of the maritime cities； Gaza； and Joppa； and
Dora； and Strato's Tower； which last Herod rebuilt after a
glorious manner； and adorned with havens and temples； and changed
its name to Caesarea。 All these Pompey left in a state of
freedom； and joined them to the province of Syria。
5。 Now the occasions of this misery which came upon Jerusalem
were Hyrcanus and Aristobulus； by raising a sedition one against
the other； for now we lost our liberty； and became subject to the
Romans； and were deprived of that country which we had gained by
our arms from the Syrians； and were compelled to restore it to
the Syrians。 Moreover； the Romans exacted of us； in a little
time； above ten thousand talents； and the royal authority； which
was a dignity formerly bestowed on those that were high priests；
by the right of their family； became the property of private men。
But of these matters we shall treat in their proper places。 Now
Pompey committed Celesyria； as far as the river Euphrates and
Egypt； to Scaurus； with two Roman legions； and then went away to
Cilicia； and made haste to Rome。 He also carried bound along with
him Aristobulus and his children； for he had two daughters； and
as many sons； the one of which ran away； but the younger；
Antigonus； was carried to Rome； together with his sisters。
CHAPTER 5。
How Scaurus Made A League Of Mutual Assistance With Aretas； And
What Gabinius Did In Judea； After He Had Conquered Alexander； The
Son Of Aristobulus。
1。 Scaurus made now an expedition against Petrea； in Arabia； and
set on fire all the places round about it； because of the great
difficulty of access to it。 And as his army was pinched by
famine； Antipater furnished him with corn out of Judea； and with
whatever else he wanted； and this at the command of Hyrcanus。 And
when he was sent to Aretas； as an ambassador by Scaurus； because
he had lived with him formerly； he persuaded Aretas to give
Scaurus a sum of money； to prevent the burning of his country；
and undertook to be his surety for three hundred talents。 So
Scaurus； upon these terms； ceased to make war any longer； which
was done as much at Scaurus's desire； as at the desire of Aretas。
2。 Some time after this； when Alexander； the son of Aristobulus；
made an incursion into Judea； Gabinius came from Rome into Syria；
as commander of the Roman forces。 He did many considerable
actions； and particularly made war with Alexander； since Hyrcanus
was not yet able to oppose his power； but was already attempting
to rebuild the wall of Jerusalem； which Pompey had overthrown；
although the Romans which were there restrained him from that his
design。 However； Alexander went over all the country round about；
and armed many of the Jews； and suddenly got together ten
thousand armed footmen； and fifteen hundred horsemen； and
fortified Alexandrium； a fortress near to Corem； and Macherus；
near the mountains of Arabia。 Gabinius therefore came upon him；
having sent Marcus Antonius； with other commanders； before。 These
armed such Romans as followed them； and； together with them； such
Jews as were subject to them； whose leaders were Pitholaus and
Malichus； and they took with them also their friends that were
with Antipater； and met Alexander； while Gabinius himself
followed with his legion。 Hereupon Alexander retired to the
neighborhood of Jerusalem； where they fell upon one another； and
it came to a pitched battle； in which the Romans slew of their
enemies about three thousand； and took a like number alive。
3。 At which time Gabinius （10） came to Alexandrium； and invited
those that were in it to deliver it up on certain conditions； and
promised that then their former offenses should be forgiven。 But
as a great number of the enemy had pitched their camp before the
fortress； whom the Romans attacked； Marcus Antonius fought
bravely； and slew a great number； and seemed to come off with the
greatest honor。 So Gabinius left part of his army there； in order
to take the place； and he himself went into other parts of Judea；
and gave order to rebuild all the cities that he met with that
had been demolished； at which time were rebuilt Samaria； Ashdod；
Scythopolis； Anthedon； Raphia； and Dora； Marissa also； and Gaza；
and not a few others besides。 And as the men acted according to
Gabinius's command； it came to pass； that at this time these
cities were securely inhabited； which had been desolate for a
long time。
4。 When Gabinius had done thus in the country； he returned to
Alexandrium； and when he urged on the siege of the place；
Alexander sent an embassage to him； desiring that he would pardon
his former offenses； he also delivered up the fortresses；
Hyrcania and Macherus； and at last Alexandrium itself which
fortresses Gabinius demolished。 But when Alexander's mother； who
was of the side of the Romans； as having her husband and other
children at Rome； came to him； he granted her whatsoever she
asked； and when he had settled matters with her； he brought
Hyrcanus to Jerusalem； and committed the care of the temple to
him。 And when he had ordained five councils； he distributed the
nation into the same number of parts。 So these councils governed
the people； the first was at Jerusalem； the second at Gadara； the
third at Amathus； the fourth at Jericho； and the fifth at
Sepphoris in Galilee。 So the Jews were now freed from monarchic
authority； and were governed by an aristocra